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E.C. McMullen Jr.'s

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CEDO LOOKED LIKE PEOPLE
in the anthology
FEAR THE REAPER
Fear The Reaper "This Ray Bradbury-esque is one of the most memorable and one of the more original stories I've read in a long time."
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HORROR 201:
The Silver Scream

Horror 201: The Silver Scream Filmmaker's Guidebook
featuring
RAY BRADBURY,
JOHN CARPENTER,
WES CRAVEN,
TOM HOLLAND,
E.C. McMULLEN Jr.,
GEORGE A. ROMERO,
and many more.

Extensively quoted in
Phantasm Exhumed PHANTASM
EXHUMED
The Unauthorized Companion


Robert S. Rhine's
SATAN'S 3-RING
CIRCUS OF HELL

Satan's 3-Ring Circus of Hell
Forward by
GAHAN WILSON &
FEO AMANTE.
Featuring comics by
ALEX PARDEE,
WILLIAM STOUT,
STEVE BISSETTE,
FRANK DIETZ,
JIM SMITH,
FRANK FORTE,
ERIC PIGORS,
MIKE SOSNOWSKI,
OMAHA PEREZ,
DAVID HARTMAN,
STEVEN MANNION,
and more!

And In
CINEMA

E.C. McMullen Jr.
Head Production Designer
Mine Games MINE GAMES
(Starring:
JOSEPH CROSS, BRIANA EVIGAN,
ALEX MERAZ)

Dept. head
Special Effects Make-Up
(SFX MUA)
A Sierra Nevada Gunfight A SIERRA NEVADA
GUNFIGHT

(MICHAEL MADSEN & JOHN SAVAGE).

Production Designer
Universal Dead UNIVERSAL DEAD

(DOUG JONES,
D.B. SWEENEY,
GARY GRAHAM)

Art Director
The Crusader THE CRUSADER

(COLIN CUNNINGHAM,
GARY GRAHAM)

SPOILERS AHEAD
!!!SCIENCE MOMENT!!!
BEWARE THE SCIENCE OF THESE TITLES FROM THE
1950s

1950s - 1960s - 1970s - 1980s - 1990s - 2000s
1950
1951
THE THING FROM ANOTHER WORLD
THE DAY THE EARTH STOOD STILL
1952
1953
DONOVAN'S BRAIN
1954
GOJIRA
CREATURE FROM THE BLACK LAGOON
1955
REVENGE OF THE CREATURE
1956
WARNING FROM SPACE
FORBIDDEN PLANET
THE CREATURE WALKS
GODZILLA
INVASION OF THE BODY SNATCHERS
THE PHANTOM FROM 10,000 LEAGUES
EARTH VS. THE FLYING SAUCERS
1957
THEM
THE DEADLY MANTIS
20 MILLION MILES TO EARTH
THE BRAIN FROM PLANET AROUS
THE MONSTER THAT CHALLENGED THE WORLD
1958
THE FLY
RETURN OF THE FLY
1959
CURSE OF THE FLY
THE HIDEOUS SUN DEMON
ON THE BEACH
EUREKA! 24 MOMENTS OF SCIENCE AND COUNTING!


1951

The Thing poster
Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
THE THING From Another World - 1951

"The Thing" may look like Frankenstein in a jump suit but in fact he turns out to be more vegetable than animal, which is fine. And he turns out to live on blood, so he's a carnivorous plant, which is also fine. But human blood (or blood from any non-whatever-planet-The-Thing-is-from life form) should have been fatal.

Every form of life on Earth is based on DNA. Life that evolves elsewhere will have its own unique chemical base so our proteins would be unknown to their biochemistry (and thus probably poison) and vice versa.

True, this movie was made two years before Crick and Watson discovered DNA, but ignorance of the law is no excuse!

BIOGRAPHY: Francis Harry Compton Crick

BIOGRAPHY: James Watson


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
The Day The Earth Stood StillTHE DAY THE EARTH STOOD STILL - 1951

EUREKA!
When Mr. Harley questions Klaatu about his trip, Klaatu reveals that he traveled 250 million miles to get to Earth. He's coy about exactly what planet he comes from, saying only, "Let's just say we're neighbors."

But given these clues his homeworld could only be Mars or Venus.

Keep in mind this is 1951, before we knew just how thin Mars' atmosphere was and back when we still thought Venus was a humid, cloud covered jungle world instead of the sulphuric acid cloud inferno that it is.

The movie sort of acknowledges this because when Klaatu leaves the hospital we briefly see the newspaper headline: "Martian Escapes!"


1953

Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
Donovan's BrainDONOVAN'S BRAIN - 1953

The science, even for the early 50's, was fine up until Cory mentions voodoo - I mean telepathy - as though it were a perfectly natural connection.

Aside from that the concept here is actually sound. In fact, I'll make a prediction: Within the next thirty years it will become normal procedure in emergency rooms that if a body (which is just a life support system and mobility unit for a brain) becomes damaged beyond repair, the brain will be removed and kept alive until a new body can be grown.


1954

Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
Creature From The Black LagoonTHE CREATURE FROM THE BLACK LAGOON - 1954

Okay, a water-dwelling humanoid isn't impossible (Read THE AQUATIC APE by Elaine Morgan). I'd be willing to buy that a branch of primates ended up living in the water.

The species clearly wasn't very successful, barely managing to avoid extinction, but they survived. Which brings us to the first problem: "they". In other words, there'd have to be a breeding population of these creatures.

The movie isn’t entirely clear on this, but they certainly imply that the Creature is unique – the last of his kind.

But the big problem is the whole "gill-man" thing. Reverting from lungs to gills is really, really unlikely.

Land mammals have returned to the sea before (dolphins, otters, seals, etc.) but they ALL still have lungs. I guess making him look like a big otter instead of a fish wouldn't have been as scary.


Eddie McMullen Jr.
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
E.C.MCMULLEN JR.
GojiraGOJIRA - 1954

The weapon that could destroy Gojira is Dr. Serizawa's Oxygen Destroyer. A weapon of mass destruction so fearsome that Serizawa is afraid to use it because world leaders, once they have knowledge of this weapon, would use it against people.

But just how bad can an Oxygen Destroyer be?

Serizawa claims that his invention splits Oxygen into fluid. Let's be forgiving of the writers and pretend that Serizawa may have been trying to speak in layman's terms for his betrothed, Emiko, because that explanation doesn't make any sense. But the demonstration of what the weapon is, can't be denied. It instantly removes the oxygen from the water and then, before the fish even have a chance to asphyxiate, it vaporizes the flesh from their bones, and then evaporates their bones.

How can a mere Oxygen Destroyer do all that? Consider that fish can be as much as 99.8% water (jellyfish for example). Consider that an animal like Gojira, who survives just nicely in water or on land, could be as much as 60% water, like humans. And that figure is not an entirely accurate statement. For example,

Continued at GODZILLA: THE SCIENCE MOMENT.


1955

Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
Revenge of the CreatureREVENGE OF THE CREATURE - 1955

I actually have to say one good thing about this movie. They make it clear that the gill-man (sounds Jewish, doesn't it? I'm Murray Gillman, from Manhattan) is more like a lung-fish, which explains why he mostly breathes underwater, but can breathe air for short periods if he has to.


1956

Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
The Creature Walks Among UsTHE CREATURE WALKS AMONG US - 1956

Ah, the 50's. So innocent.

We still thought Mars and Venus might be, maybe, kind of Earth-like.

We thought Mars had thin air, like the Himalayas (it's actually more than 500 times thinner) and that all the clouds the telescopes showed on Venus just meant it was warm and humid, like Houston (instead it's 800 degrees in the shade and the clouds are made of sulfuric acid, like Phoenix).

My point is that it's mildly believable that people in the 50's could think you'd be able to adapt to other worlds after some minor surgery, which was Dr. Barton's plan.

Earth vs. The Flying Saucers
Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
EARTH VS. THE FLYING SAUCERS - 1956

This movie has lots of scientific sounding jargon and most of it is used incorrectly like you'd expect. For example the aliens tell their human captive that their ships use a powerful magnetic field to overcome Earth's gravity. That's not as impressive as it sounds. Consider that if I use a refrigerator magnet to pick up a needle then the magnet is overcoming the gravity of the entire mass of the Earth, which is pulling the needle the other way. Magnetism is a much stronger force than gravity.

Most of the science mistakes are minor quibbles like that. The only big one is how the aliens "stop time" on board their ships so your watch stops ticking AND your heart stops beating. But you keep breathing and talking and moving around with a stopped heart. That's quite a trick.


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
Forbidden PlanetFORBIDDEN PLANET - 1956

The opening narration (have I mentioned that I hate narration?) tells us that the space age begins when man reaches the moon in the final decade of the 21st century.

This movie was released in 1956, just thirteen years before we reached the moon and five years before Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space.

As always, science fiction is rarely too imaginative. More often, it's not imaginative enough.


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
GodzillaGODZILLA - (U.S. Version) 1956

Once Godzilla shows himself the movie scientists place him as a Jurassic creature that has somehow survived to modern times. They mention the Jurassic as being 2 million years ago, which isn't even close.

The Jurassic Era (the middle portion of the Mesozoic Eon) was from 144 million to 208 million years ago. The trilobite that was apparently living between Godzilla's toes is even more of an anachronism. They became extinct 300 million years ago, before there was any such thing as dinosaurs.

Which is all minor quibbling compared to the fact that Godzilla is supposed to be 400 freaking feet tall and breathe radioactive fire. Unprecedented in nature doesn't begin to describe it. But that's okay with me. As I've mentioned elsewhere (see my review of GODZILLA [1998] vs. GODZILLA 2000) Godzilla is plain and simple inexplicable. He just is.

Continued at GODZILLA: THE SCIENCE MOMENT.


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
Invasion of the Body Snatchers - 1956INVASION OF THE BODY SNATCHERS - 1956

There's no science objection to anything happening here (although a scientist from the 50's would have disagreed).

The only comment I'll make is that the pods, just like the Alien in ALIEN, could never have evolved on their own. They must have been created as a biological weapon by some very advanced technology, giving them the ability to adapt themselves to any sentient beings they come across.


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
The Phantom From 10k LeaguesTHE PHANTOM FROM 10,000 LEAGUES - 1956

The "Phantom" is only shown in water less than 30 feet deep, not 10,000 leagues. That's a long way, in case you failed seamanship.

A league is 3 statute miles so 10,000 leagues equals thirty thousand miles! That's almost four times the diameter of the Earth.

Presumably they were thinking of fathoms but a fathom is 6 feet so 10,000 fathoms is just over 11 miles and no part of the ocean is anywhere near that deep.


WARNING FROM SPACE
Eddie McMullen Jr.
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
E.C.MCMULLEN JR.
WARNING FROM SPACE - 1956

WARNING FROM SPACE wants to take itself seriously, but even for its time, much of the science was wonky.

Here's a small example:
Humanity was aware of volcanos and earthquakes throughout its history, but until the atomic age, there were no comparative planet-wide ways of describing the power of this or that volcanic explosion.

The blast from this volcano is equal to a, like, really big volcano blast!

That is, until we dropped a few Atomic bombs that were more powerful than any weapons we'd ever known.

After the world's knowledge of the destructive force of nuclear bombs, natural disasters were described at X times as powerful as the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Common people felt they could connect with that.

The May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens eruption? The destructive force (not counting radiation of course) is described as equal to 25,000 atomic bombs.1

Or about half the power of the Tsar Bomba RDS-220 (РДС-220), which was tested in 1961 (creating one of the largest craters on earth and scaring the crap out of the Soviets. Geographically speaking, the U.S. is too close to the former USSR to Tsar bomb it). 2

Now compare the Tsar, at 50 megatons, to the Little Boy, at 15 kilotons.

All the nuclear nations combined in 1956 had nowhere near that many bombs.

So no, the movie scientists should have known their nukes had no ability to destroy an approaching earth-sized planet and the far more advanced Pairans shouldn't have brought it up.

Want to know more?

Damn right you do!

1 Mount St. Helens, Forty Years Later: How NOAA Monitors Volcanoes From Earth Orbit

2 Tsar Bomba


1957

Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
ThemTHEM - 1957

Living things are built for their size. Just making something bigger usually doesn't work.

For example, the 50 foot woman in Attack of the 50 Foot Woman. If you take a 5 foot tall woman who weighs 100 lbs and somehow make her ten times her size, how much will she weigh? 1000 lbs? No, because weight is a function of volume, which increases as the cube increases (this is the square-cube law). Thus if you're ten times bigger, you have 10³ or 1000 times the volume, so she now weighs 100,000 lbs (50 tons!). But how much stress your bones can stand is a function of their cross-sectional area, which increases as the square. So her bones are 100 times stronger but she weighs 1000 times as much, 10 times more than her bones can stand. She crumbles.

That's just one example - and only the beginnings of her problems, or the problems of ants made 250 times bigger than normal.


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
The deadly MantisTHE DEADLY MANTIS - 1957

The only truly bad science, seen here and in many other films, is the idea that any living thing could be frozen in ice and survive. There’s lots of water in the cells of your body and if you or any other animal was frozen solid all that water becomes ice crystals.

Jagged, razor sharp ice crystals, which reduce your cells to metabolic mush.

There are a few animals that can survive such conditions because they have anti-freeze-like enzymes in their system that prevent ice-crystals from forming. But since the Mantis in the movie immediately heads for the tropics it’s clear that it didn’t live in an environment where being frozen was something to worry about.


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
20 Million Miles to Earth20 MILLION MILES TO EARTH - 1957

I can say one good thing and one bad thing about the science here.

First, the way Venus is described (but never shown) here is perfectly accurate for 1957.

After nearly a century of study using the best telescopes and scientific minds available, it had been determined that Venus was a rain forest version of Earth, hot and humid and perpetually shrouded in clouds. Images of jungles and mists and endless rain seemed about right.

Then NASA launched the first interplanetary space probe, Mariner 2 (Mariner 1 had a launch failure) in 1962. In one brief fly-by everything we thought we knew about Venus was shown to be wrong.

It wasn't hot and humid, it was hot enough to melt lead and bone dry.

The clouds are mostly sulfuric acid, the atmosphere almost entirely carbon dioxide and the air pressure at the surface is 80 times greater than on Earth. Oh, and no lizard men. Astronomers can do a lot but you really never know about a place until you go there.

The bad science was the Pentagon's stated interest in capturing the creature alive so they can find out why it could breathe the atmosphere of Venus and the astronauts couldn't.

I'm just guessing but maybe it's because the creature evolved on Venus and the astronauts didn't.


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
The Brain From Planet ArousTHE BRAIN FROM PLANET AROUS - 1957

If you detected bursts of gamma rays from 30 miles away, the last thing you'd want to do is hop in a jeep for a closer look. Gamma rays are dangerous and the closer you got to the source the stronger they’d be.

You'd think nuclear scientists would know that.


Eddie McMullen Jr.
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
E.C.MCMULLEN JR.
The Monster That Challenged The WorldTHE MONSTER THAT CHALLENGED THE WORLD - 1957

EUREKA!
The explanation given for the monstrous varmints is that they are an unknown branch of the mollusk family. They MAY have been in dried out eggs from prehistoric times (we don't know) that MIGHT have been buried / preserved by a mud slide brought on by volcanic activity some time in the prehistoric past (we don't know). Dr. Rogers admits that he can only guess as he has no way to be sure.

Rogers thinks that a recent earthquake MIGHT have broke the mud covering of the dry and ancient eggs, exposing them to the water of the Salton Sea (no evil atomic bombs!). The east side of the Salton Sea has a very active area of seismic activity even now, where bubbling volcanic mud-pots fart carbon dioxide and methane day and night.

Continued at THE SCIENCE MOMENT/THE MONSTER THAT CHALLENGED THE WORLD


1958

Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
The FlyTHE FLY - 1958

The idea of teleportation has been a favorite of sci-fi forever, right up there with warp drive, but the details have always been glossed over and this is no exception.

I'm sure you've heard of "E = mc2" ? This famous Einstein equation tells you how much energy you get when you convert matter into energy. "E" is energy, "m" is mass and "c" is the speed of light.

If we use metric units, a full grown man masses about 85 kilograms. The speed of light is pretty close to 300,000 kilometers / second or 3 X 108 meters / second so plugging these numbers in gives us an energy of 7.65 x 1018 kg-m2/sec2 or 7.65 x 1018 Joules. In case that means nothing to you, it's equivalent to 1800 megatons of TNT (about 90 good, old-fashioned H-bombs).

Not exactly the kind of experiment you want your husband doing in the basement.

Read the !!!SCIENCE MOMENT!!! on the full THE FLY franchise: THE FLY SCIENCE MOMENTS


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
Return of the FlyRETURN OF THE FLY - 1958

Teleportation, even as described in a bad movie like this, isn't quite impossible. But let's consider the technique:

This device works by scanning you and recording the position of every particle in your body, disintegrating you and sending you and your data to the receiver, which reassembles you.

So for each atom in your body you need three numbers (x,y,z) to indicate location, plus another number to indicate what kind of atom it is and maybe one more to indicate the atom's state (ionized, etc.). All these numbers represent about 20 bytes (in computerese) of information. Take that times the number of particles in your body (something in the neighborhood of 3 x 1027 atoms) and you get 6 x 1019 gigabytes of information storage required each time. A good, top of the line computer (for March, 2000 -feo.) comes with a hard drive that can store about 20 gigabytes. You'd need 2.8 x 1018 computers (enough for every person on Earth to have more than 465 million computers each). Think of the download time! Each transmission would take so long it'd be quicker to walk.

Continued at the !!!SCIENCE MOMENT!!! on the full THE FLY franchise: THE FLY SCIENCE MOMENTS


1959

Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
The Curse of the FlyTHE CURSE OF THE FLY - 1959

Eventually (due to passport problems) Henri must teleport back to Montreal.

When you talk about teleporting someone from London to Montreal, you have to worry about momentum: Conservation of momentum, that is.

At the equator the earth is spinning at almost half a kilometer per second. The farther north you go the lower the velocity but the real problem is that London and Montreal are at different latitudes and therefore moving at different velocities. The difference looks small on a map but in fact it works out to about 130 km kilometers per hour or roughly 80 mph.

That means Henri would appear in the Montreal booth and immediately splat against the glass.

Continued at the !!!SCIENCE MOMENT!!! on the full THE FLY franchise: THE FLY SCIENCE MOMENTS


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
The Hideous Sun DemonTHE HIDEOUS SUN DEMON - 1959

This movie was made in 1959, shortly after the launch of the first U.S. satellite (Explorer 1 on January 31st, 1958). This satellite discovered the Van Allen radiation belts, regions of trapped solar and cosmic particles in the Earth's magnetic field and this discovery may be what inspired the "new radiation from space" idea in this film, which is kind of cool.

What's not cool is the idea of running evolution "backwards", an idea that pops up in bad sci-fi (and one of the worst Star Trek: Next Generation episodes) all the time. This idea comes from the misconception that evolution is a form of progress, leading ultimately to us, of course.

It is not.

Evolution is a means of adapting to an environment and if becoming less intelligent represented a better adaptation than becoming more so, then that's what would happen. Evolution is blind and has no direction. Furthermore, reptiles are not "less evolved" than we are. They're just as modern as humans – but on a different branch.


Kelly Parks
SCIENCE MOMENT BY
KELLY PARKS
On the BeachON THE BEACH - 1959

The short answer is no.

Even if WWIII had happened in the 80's (before the Soviet attempt to match our Star Wars spending caused their collapse), the resulting fallout from a massive exchange (with thousands more nukes than they had in the 60's) would not have rendered the entire world uninhabitable as portrayed in the movie.

Fallout is radioactive dust created from debris sucked up into the mushroom cloud of a nuclear explosion that gradually “falls out” of the atmosphere, covering the ground like deadly snow. Airbursts (nukes detonated in the air above their targets) produce almost no fallout. And just how deadly fallout is depends on the radioactive isotopes they contain are.

Even for an all out nuclear exchange, it would be possible to survive in a basement shelter as long as you had 3 or 4 months of supplies (that sounds like a lot but if it was mostly dehydrated food it really wouldn't take up much room). After that the fallout would have decayed enough that it'd be safe to go outside again. So given that people in Australia had 5 months or more to prepare it would have been perfectly possible to survive.

But there is one other scenario.

Continued at SCIENCE MOMENT/OnTheBeach

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FEO'S BRAGGADOCIO

The ScientistFeo Amante's Horror ThrillerSome people think I'm more important than you (I don't, but they do. You know how they are) and this is their (HA!) evidence.

INTERVIEWS
Joe Mynhardt interviews E.C. McMullen Jr. in the book HORROR 201: The Silver Scream.

Matt Jarbo's interview with Feo Amante at The Zurvivalist.

James Cheetham's Q&A with Feo Amante at Unconventional Interviews *.

Megan Scudellari interviews Feo Amante and Kelly Parks (of THE SCIENCE MOMENT) in The Scientist Magazine.

Check out our interview at The-Scientist.com.

REFERENCES
Anthropologist Gretchen Bakke, PhD, references my UNFAIR RACIAL CLICHE ALERT as an expert resource in her 2010 Anthropological Quarterly essay @ Johns Hopkins University

Researcher David Waldron, references my review of UNDERWORLD in the Spring 2005, Journal of Religion and Popular Culture entry, Role-Playing Games and the Christian Right: Community Formation in Response to a Moral Panic (downloadable pdf).

E.C. McMullen Jr.
Author page at Amazon (Amazon.com)
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